A new study suggests that severely restricting calories could be linked to worsening depression, particularly for people already struggling with weight-related stress. The study, published in BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, analyzed data from over 28,000 adults and found that people on calorie-restricted diets, especially men and those who are overweight, reported higher depression symptoms.
Diet quality also played a role. Those consuming more ultraprocessed foods, refined carbs, and processed meats showed a higher likelihood of depression, while those following a Mediterranean-style diet had a lower risk.
Lead author Dr. Venkat Bhat from St. Michael’s Hospital and the University of Toronto advises caution with overly restrictive diets and suggests opting for balanced, sustainable dietary changes that consider both nutritional needs and psychological well-being.
However, Dr. Bhat noted that the study only shows associations, not causation, and the self-reported nature of the data leaves room for error. Some experts, such as Dr. Johanna Keeler from King’s College London, argue that supervised, medical-led calorie-restricted diets might have a different impact on mental health than unsupervised ones.
Research into the mental health effects of calorie restriction is mixed, with some studies suggesting that moderate calorie restriction can improve depression symptoms, particularly when weight loss is achieved. On the other hand, extreme dieting can disrupt physical processes, leading to fatigue, sleep issues, and concentration problems, all of which may exacerbate depression.
Experts emphasize that extreme diets can also increase anxiety and eating disorder risks. Dr. Kary Woodruff from the University of Utah suggests that a balanced approach to eating, with mild to moderate calorie restriction, may improve both mood and physical health.
For those considering weight loss, experts recommend focusing on a balanced diet that includes all food groups and consulting a medical professional to ensure healthy, sustainable changes.
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